ABSTRACT
Resumen: La interpretación gasométrica de forma rápida es muy útil en urgencias, ya que establecer de manera oportuna un diagnóstico es de suma importancia. Existen herramientas que nos permiten igualar la sensibilidad de los métodos complejos de Stewart. Evaluar la gasometría de manera tradicional, dependiendo de la escuela preferida: utilizando sólo el bicarbonato o el exceso de base; tiene baja sensibilidad diagnóstica cuando nos enfrentamos a escenarios donde existe más de un trastorno metabólico asociado. Proponemos los siguientes cinco pasos: evaluar el pH, déficit de base, anión gap, exceso de base y el índice cloro/sodio, que son importantes para identificar de manera rápida y sensible una gasometría en pacientes críticos.
Abstract: The interpretation of a gasometry of rapid form is very useful in an emergency department since to establish in an opportune way a diagnosis performs supreme importance. There exists hardware that allows us to equal the sensibility of the complex m ethods of Stewart. To evaluate the gasometry of a traditional way, depending on the favorite school: using only the bicarbonate or the base excess, it has low diagnostic sensibility when we face stages where more than one metabolic associate disorder exists. We propose the following five steps: to evaluate the pH, deficit of base, anion gap, excess of base, and the index chlorine/sodium, which are important to identify rapidly and sensitively a gasometry in critical patients.
Resumo: A interpretação gasométrica rápida é muito útil em emergências, pois é de suma importância estabelecer um diagnóstico em tempo hábil. Existem ferramentas que nos permitem igualar a sensibilidade dos métodos complexos de Stewart. Avaliar a gasometria da forma tradicional, dependendo da escola preferida: usando apenas bicarbonato ou excesso de base, tem baixa sensibilidade diagnóstica diante de cenários onde há mais de um distúrbio metabólico associado. Propomos as 5 etapas a seguir: avaliação do pH, déficit de base, lacuna aniônica, excesso de base e relação cloreto/sódio, importantes para identificar de forma rápida e sensível os gases sanguíneos em pacientes críticos.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To identify the prevalence and factors associated with cervical human papillomavirus infection in women with systemic lupus erythematosus METHODS: This cross-sectional study collected traditional and systemic lupus erythematosus-related disease risk factors, including conventional and biologic therapies. A gynecological evaluation and cervical cytology screen were performed. Human papillomavirus detection and genotyping were undertaken by PCR and linear array assay. RESULTS: A total of 148 patients were included, with a mean age and disease duration of 42.5±11.8 years and 9.7±5.3 years, respectively. The prevalence of squamous intraepithelial lesions was 6.8%. The prevalence of human papillomavirus infection was 29%, with human papillomavirus subtype 59 being the most frequent. Patients with human papillomavirus were younger than those without the infection (38.2±11.2 vs. 44.2±11.5 years, respectively; p = 0.05), and patients with the virus had higher daily prednisone doses (12.8±6.8 vs. 9.7±6.7 mg, respectively; p = 0.01) and cumulative glucocorticoid doses (14.2±9.8 vs. 9.7±7.3 g, respectively; p = 0.005) compared with patients without. Patients with human papillomavirus infection more frequently received rituximab than those without (20.9% vs. 8.5%, respectively; p = 0.03). In the multivariate analysis, only the cumulative glucocorticoid dose was associated with human papillomavirus infection. CONCLUSIONS: The cumulative glucocorticoid dose may increase the risk of human papillomavirus infection. Although rituximab administration was more frequent in patients with human papillomavirus infection, no association was found. Screening for human papillomavirus infection is recommended in women with systemic lupus erythematosus. .